CoDeszPLayer

• WWW, HTML and the basics of building Web pages
  

• JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages .
• JavaScript is a scripting language - a scripting language is a lightweight programming language .
• A JavaScript is lines of executable computer code .
• A JavaScript is usually embedded directly in HTML pages .
• JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation) .
• Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license .
• JavaScript is supported by all major browsers, like Netscape and Internet Explorer .

Are Java and JavaScript the same? NO!

Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages!
Java (developed by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and very complex programming language - in the same category as C and C++.

What can a JavaScript Do?

• JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages .
• JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this: document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML page .
• JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element.
• JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element .
• JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server, this will save the server from extra processing .

JavaScript How To ...

The HTML<script> tag is used to insert a JavaScript into an HTML page.
How to Put a JavaScript Into an HTML Page.

What is CSS?

CSS was first developed in 1997, as a way for Web developers to define the look and feel of their Web pages. It was intended to allow developers to separate content from design so that HTML could perform more of the function that it was originally based on - the markup of content, without worry about the design and layout.
CSS didn't gain in popularity until around 2000, when Web browsers began using more than the basic font and color aspects of CSS. And now, all modern browsers support all of CSS Level 1, most of CSS Level 2, and some aspects of CSS Level 3.
Web Designers that don't use CSS for their design and development of Web sites are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. And it is arguably as important to understand CSS as it is to know HTML - and some would say it was more important to know CSS.

CSS is an Abbreviation

It stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

• Easier Maintenance
• Reduced File Size
• Reduced Bandwidth
• Improved Flexibility

Cascading Order

In the previous paragraphs, I have explained how to link to a css file either internally or externally. If you understood, than I am doing a good job. If not don't fret, there is a long way to go before we are finished. Assuming you have caught on already, you are probably asking, well can I do both? The answer is yes. You can have both internal, external, and now wait a minute a third way? Yes inline styles also.

**not yet available***

What is an HTML File?

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
• An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags.
• The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page.
• An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension.
• An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor.

Do You Want to Try It?

you are running Windows, start Notepad (or start SimpleText if you are on a Mac) and type in the following text:

Save the file as "mypage.htm".
Start your Internet browser. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your browser. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file you just created - "mypage.htm" - select it and click "Open". Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\mypage.htm". Click OK, and the browser will display the page.

Example Explained

The first tag in your HTML document is <html> . This tag tells your browser that this is the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is </html>. This tag tells your browser that this is the end of the HTML document.
The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag is header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window.
The text between the <title> tags is the title of your document. The title is displayed in your browser's caption.
The text between the <body> tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser.
The text between the <b> and </b> tags will be displayed in a bold font.

HTM or HTML Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We have used .htm in our examples. It might be a bad habit inherited from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extensions.
With newer software we think it will be perfectly safe to use .html.

Note on HTML Editors:

You can easily edit HTML files using a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor like FrontPage, Claris Home Page, or Adobe PageMill instead of writing your markup tags in a plain text file.
But if you want to be a skillful Web developer, we strongly recommend that you use a plain text editor to learn your primer HTML.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: After I have edited an HTML file, I cannot view the result in my browser. Why?
A: Make sure that you have saved the file with a proper name and extension like "c:\mypage.htm". Also make sure that you use the same name when you open the file in your browser.

Q: I have tried to edit an HTML file but the changes don't show in the browser. Why?
A: The browser caches your pages so it doesn't have to read the same page twice. When you have changed a page, the browser doesn't know that. Use the browser's refresh/reload button to force the browser to read the edited page.

Q: Can I use both Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator?
A: Yes, you can do all your training with both Netscape 3.0 or higher, and Internet Explorer 3.0 or higher. However, a few of the examples in our advanced classes assume you are running Internet Explorer 4.0 or 5.0, or Netscape 6.0.

Q: Does my computer have to run Windows? What about a Mac?
A: You can do all your training on a non Windows computer like a Mac. However, a few of the examples in our higher classes assume that you are running a newer version of Windows, like Windows 98 or Windows 2000.

The Internet and The Web

• Greatest milestone in the development of computer technology is the Internet.
• The Internet or Interconnection of Networks or Interconnected Networks is composed of various resources: ftp, telner, usenet groups, e-mail, chat and instant messaging, and world wide web.
• Internet provides an infrastructure by which the computers it connects (called hosts) can communicate.
• Internet cannot store info or provide services. Thus, for info and services to be accessible via the Internet, they must be stored or implemented on, or accessed via, the "hosts" or "SERVERS".
• The idea that computers request resources and others provide them is referred to as "Client/Server Architecture".
• Internet supports various types of servers: FTP servers, mail servers, gopher servers, and web servers.
• The Internet has developed a subculture dedicated to the idea that the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one person, company, group, or organization.
• Ray Tomlinson created in 1971 what was to become the standard Internet e-mail address format using the ‘@’ sign to separate user names from host names.

The Web Technology

• Web uses the Internet to provide facilities for storing information, finding and retrieving information, storing and executing computer programs, inputting and manipulating information.
• Anyone with access to web can add any document and link it to any other existing document enabling the web to form a global, inter-linked information source.
• Web is used for publicity and commercial and non-commercial purposes.
• Web servers are computers that provide information and services that can be access on the Web (i.e. Apache, Microsoft’s Internet Information Services or IIS, Zeus, Sambar, iPlanet, Roxen, Jigsaw, etc.)

The World Wide WebWhat is the World Wide Web?

• The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often called the Web.
• The Web is a network of computers all over the world.
• All the computers in the Web can communicate with each other.
• All the computers use a communication standard called HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol).

How does the WWW work?

• Web information is stored in documents called Web pages.
• Web pages are files stored on computers called Web servers.
• Computers reading the Web pages are called Web clients.
• Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser.
• Popular browsers are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.

How does the browser fetch the pages?

1. A browser fetches a Web page from a server by a request.
2. A request is a standard HTTP request containing a page address.
3. A page address looks like this: http://www.someone.com/page.htm.

How does the browser display the pages?

1. All Web pages contain instructions for display.
2. The browser displays the page by reading these instructions.
3. The most common display instructions are called HTML tags.
4. HTML tags look like this <p> This is a paragraph</p>

Who is making the Web standards?

• The Web standards are not made up by Netscape or Microsoft.
• The rule-making body of the Web is the W3C.
• W3C stands for the World Wide Web Consortium.
• W3C puts together specifications for Web standards.
• The most essential Web standards are HTML, CSS and XML.
• The latest HTML standard is XHTML 1.0.

Internet JokeCustomer:

"I don't have a computer. Is the internet available in book form?"